动机对外语学习的影响及相关的措施

研究表明动机是影响外语学习成功与否的一个重要因素。因此,英语教师应通过培养大学生学习兴趣,为大学生创造成功的机会,及时表扬,利用工具型动机,正确对待考试等措施激发大学生学习英语的动机,提高外语学习的成效。     

Toxicity of cadmium and its competition with mineral nutrients for uptake by plants:A review

Cadmium(Cd)is a toxic heavy metal occurring in the environment naturally and is also generated through various anthropogenic sources and acts as a pollutant.Human health is affected by Cd pollution in farmland soils because food is the main source of Cd intake in the non-smoking population.For crops,Cd toxicity may result from a disturbance in uptake and translocation of mineral nutrients and disturbance in plant metabolism,inhibiting plant growth and development.However,plants have Cd tolerance mechanisms,including restricted Cd uptake,decreased Cd root-to-shoot translocation,enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities,and increased production of phytochelatins.Furthermore,optimal supply of mineral nutrients is one of the strategies to alleviate the damaging effects of Cd on plants and to avoid its entry into the food chain.The emerging molecular knowledge contributes to understanding Cd uptake,translocation,and remobilization in plants.In this review,Cd toxicity and tolerance mechanisms,agricultural practices to minimize Cd accumulation,Cd competition with essential elements(calcium,copper,iron,zinc,and manganese),and genes associated with Cd uptake are discussed in detail,especially regarding how these mineral nutrients and genes play a role in decreasing Cd uptake and accumulation in crop plants.     

非工程措施在山洪灾害防治体系建设中的应用研究

山洪灾害防治非工程措施项目是保障人民群众生命财产安全的重点项目,也是中央财政部门大力支持的项目,但是山洪灾害防治非工程措施项目能否可持续地、正常地发挥其最大效益,与后期的运行管理有直接相关性.文章主要结合山东省枣庄市山亭区的实际情况,分析非工程措施在山洪灾害防治体系建设中的应用.     

Effects of different soil conservation tillage approaches on soil nutrients,water use and wheat-maize yield in rainfed dry-land regions of North China

Excessive tillage compromises soil quality by causing severe water shortages that can lead to crop failure. Reports on the effects of conservation tillage on major soil nutrients, water use efficiency and gain yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) in rainfed regions in the North China Plain are relatively scarce. In this work, four tillage approaches were tested from 2004 to 2012 in a randomized study performed in triplicate: one conventional tillage and three conservation tillage experiments with straw mulching (no tillage during wheat and maize seasons, subsoiling during the maize season but no tillage during the wheat season, and ridge planting during both wheat and maize seasons). Compared with conventional tillage, by 2012, eight years of conservation tillage treatments (no tillage, subsoiling and ridge planting) resulted in a significant increase in available phosphorus in topsoil (0–0.20 m), by 3.8%, 37.8% and 36.9%, respectively. Soil available potassium was also increased following conservation tillage, by 13.6%, 37.5% and 25.0%, and soil organic matter by 0.17%, 5.65% and 4.77%, while soil total nitrogen was altered by −2.33%, 4.21% and 1.74%, respectively. Meanwhile, all three conservation tillage approaches increased water use efficiency, by 19.1–28.4% (average 24.6%), 10.1–23.8% (average 15.9%) and 11.2–20.7% (average 15.7%) in wheat, maize and annual, respectively. Additionally, wheat yield was increased by 7.9–12.0% (average 10.3%), maize yield by 13.4–24.6% (average 17.4%) and rotation annual yield by 12.3–16.9% (average 14.1%). Overall, our findings demonstrate that subsoiling and ridge planting with straw mulching performed better than conventional tillage for enhancing major soil nutrients and improving grain yield and water use efficiency in rainfed regions in the North China Plain.     

云南松毛虫在芒市思茅松林区的发生规律及防治方法

云南松毛虫是松类树种的重要食叶害虫。芒市为云南省松毛虫偶发区。阐述云南松毛虫的生物学特性及生活史。分析云南松毛虫的发生与气象因子、地貌环境、立地条件等环境因素的关系以及发生发展规律,提出监测、生物和化学防治、物理和人工防治、营林技术防治等防治措施。     

论如何有效实施营养宣教

营养宣教对于慢性病的预防、保障大众健康、降低医疗支出具有重要意义。从多个角度论述如何有效进行营养宣教，列举一些可行措施，以期使营养宣教工作的实施有所借鉴。     

某水库建设项目地质灾害危险性评估

通过野外调查、室内分析研究了评估区的地质环境条件,主要包括环境地质、水文地质和工程地质;结合建设项目可行性研究报告、岩土工程勘察报告,对某水库建设项目地质灾害危险性进行了现状评估、预测评估以及综合性分区评估;对拟建场地进行了适宜性评价,并提出了地质灾害防治措施。     

水源地生态环境综合治理方案研究

在分析水源地生态环境综合治理重要性的基础上,从把握水源地现状,分析水源地环境问题,合理划分保护区,确定治理规划内容及规模等方面,提出了水源地生态环境综合治理的步骤,并建立了综合治理方案。     

我国滑翔伞运动损伤状况及其影响因素的流行病学调查*

采用问卷调查、数理统计、文献资料等方法对我国滑翔伞运动损伤的情况及原因进分析。结果表明,由于滑翔伞运动本身的特点及此项运动在我国开展逐年广泛,损伤率较高,达到75%。其影响因素主要有参与者技术不够娴熟、场地因素和天气因素三方面。并根据调查结果提出预防措施。     

吴忠市利通区西瓜果斑病的发生及防控措施

详细介绍了利通区西瓜果斑病的发生、危害症状及发生前后宜采取的各种防控措施及预防措施。